How to understand the large spectrum of shock phenotypes?

Marko Noc speaks with Holger Thiele about cardiogenic shock and the importance of recognising its different phenotypes in clinical practice.

They discuss what is meant by “shock phenotypes” and how this heterogeneity influences management decisions, particularly in complex presentations such as out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

In 2026, the key question remains what truly works in cardiogenic shock management, as evidence continues to evolve.

The discussion also explores future randomised trials and whether better phenotyping could help create more homogeneous study populations and improve the ability to demonstrate treatment benefit.

Finally, they review the core principles of current cardiogenic shock management in daily practice.

This interview was filmed at EuroPCR 2026: see more videos here.