Procedural complications: paravalvular leak (PVL)

TAVI within failing surgical aortic bioprostheses

The experience of paravalvular or paraprosthetic leak (PVL) in the setting of a valve-in-valve intervention is rare, in part due to the improved sealing that occurs between the two devices, the frame of the failed surgical valve and the transcatheter heart valve (THV) that is being used. This section looks at the different aspects that could be implicated in paravalvular regurgitation, from malposition to questions of expansion along with illustrations on how to correct these complications.