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Perforations can be life threating complications, but if recognised quickly and managed correctly can have a positive outcome. This section explains how to treat a coronary perforation.
In total there are 5 types.
PCR Complication Team: Patrick Calvert, Eric Eeckhout, Michael Haude, Amir Lerman, Olivier Muller
There are five types of coronary perforation: Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV and Type V. Type I and Type II are lower risk, but one needs to be particularly aware of the risk of progression to Type III. Type III, Type IV and Type V are the most serious types of perforation where expedient treatment is crucial in order to save lives.
TYPE I | Extraluminal crater without jet extravasation |  | |
TYPE II | Pericardial or myocardial blushing without jet extravasation |  | |
TYPE III | Active jet extravasation exit jet > 1mm |  | |
TYPE IV | Leaking into another cardiovascular cavity |  | |
TYPE V | Distal perforation |  |
Each type of perforation is presented in four parts, namely:
In addition to this complication management resource, further cases on coronary perforation are available on the website in the Topics section on Other Coronary interventions.
A References page, is available at the end of this section if you would like to broaden your research. Please also consult the PCR-EAPCI Textbook, Part III - Chapter 24 on the Prevention and management of Complications during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and this video interview on Managing coronary perforations.
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